[Evaluation of integrated lupus ratio test]

Improving the diagnostic strategy of the lupus anticoagulant is prerequisite in hemostasis. The objective of our work is to develop and evaluate the three integrated tests expressed as normalized ratio or Lupus Ratio and can combine the various stages in the diagnosis of these antibodies. Three Lupus Ratio are used, they were determined with activator thromboplastin time, the diluted thromboplastin time and diluted Russell Viper venom time. Reference values and thresholds for positivity were determined for all tests. Our preliminary results showed concordant and discordant profiles with those previously obtained by conventional methods of detection of circulating lupus antibody type. The interest of the integrated testing is to discusse and compari our results with those of the literature. The determination of the Ratio Lupus offers compelling and promising results and allows considering, for in a short term, the replacement of conventional techniques with improved diagnosis

[Chronic myeloid leukemia and inhibitors of tyrosine kinase]

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematological malignancy in the group of myeloproliferative syndromes. It is characterized by the presence of an acquired genetic abnormality at the hematopoietic stem cells, the Philadelphia chromosome. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, whose leader is imatinib, has profoundly changed the therapeutic management and prognosis of this malignancy. The failure of imatinib treatment is due to resistance mechanisms that are not all fully characterized. However, cross and multiple resistance remain difficult to treat and require a better understanding of their mechanisms to overcome residual disease in the near future. The persistence of a long term residual disease associated with the presence of quiescent leukemic cells, and the occurrence of relapse led to the development of second and third generation inhibitors tyrosine kinase and the combination of these inhibitors with therapeutic immunomodulators such as interferon alpha, or vaccination protocols are discussed. The purpose of this review is to update on the molecular abnormalities found in chronic myeloid leukemia with emphasis on mechanisms of imatinib resistance and the current therapeutic strategy in the era of new generations of inhibitors of tyrosine kinase

[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: flow cytometry contribution]

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a part of B lympho-proliferative diseases. Clinically, it is an indolent disease thought it has a variable evolution. Our aim is to focus on the importance of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This is a prospective survey conducted in 2005/2006, concerned 13 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia from 42 B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes. The clinical features were summarized in the data file filled by the practicians. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is studied in our laboratory by different means such as: hemogramm with a morphological aspects of peripheral lymphocytes, osteomedulhary biopsy myelogram, and immunophenotyping by FC500 [Trade Mark] cytometer[Beckman Coulter]. Within the 13 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, there were 9 male and 4 female having a mean age of 68.5 years old with extremes from 45 to 80 years old. The most important signs found were: polyadenopathy, splenomegaly or cytopenia. In our patients, lmphocytosis was ranged from 5,6 a 136 g/l. The marrow was infiltrated by small lymphocytes in some cases. The cytometric analysis was based on Matutes score. In most cases, the chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis seems to be easy based on the hemogram and immunophenotyping. Actually, treatment of patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia depends on Rai or Binet classifications; still, it is important to have more a other accurate markers dae to its variable evolution. Flow cytometry is of real help in the diagnosis and the monitoring of residual disease in chronic lymphocyte leukemia

[Biological diagnosis of haemophilia]

It is a constitutional hemorrhagic disease of recessive transmission linked to X chromosome. Our objective work is to index the different cases in our service. During 18 months [April 2008 - September 2009], we account 124 haemophiliac cases diagnosed in our laboratory. Our results interest a diagnosed 124 haemophiliac cases, including 99 cases of haemophilia A [79, 83%] and 25 cases of haemophilia B [20,17%]. 81 patients have an age less than 15 years old with a median of age as 13 years [limits 9 months - 39 years]. The annual incidence of haemophilia is 82 cases. 62 persons had clinical symptomatology whereas the others were asymptomatic. These symptoms were arthropathy [59, 67%], haemoarthrosis [27,4%], haematoma [4,83%], nosebleeds epistaxis, gingivorrhagia gums [4,83%] and ecchymosis [3,26%]. According to the type of haemophilia. The severe forms of haemophilia [FVIII of FIX

[Current concept of the coagulation]

Coagulation is the whole of enzymatic reactions leading in transforming plasma into a gel primarily made up of fibrin to consolidate the clot formed during primary hemostasis. Fibrin derived from the enzymatic cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, a key enzyme of coagulation. The classic design of coagulation describes two different pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic. In fact these two ways are overlapping since passages exist between them. In this work we are interested in the current concept of coagulation physiology by underlining the place of the cellular reactions in this phenomenon. The phenomena of coagulation take place either in circulation, or on a cellular surface. The effectiveness of the enzymes implied in coagulation is much larger on a cellular surface than in plasma, bringing to conceive coagulation like a cellular phenomenon. Recently, this cellular conception of coagulation resulted in proposing a new sight of coagulation which would proceed in three phases: initiation, amplification, propagation

[Biological and molecular aspects of haemophilia A]

Haemophilia A is a recessive constitutional, hereditary or sporadic, transmission hemorrhagic illness bound to the X chromosome and definite by the deficiency of coagualation factor VIII. We propose in this work the molecular and phenotypic aspects of the haemophilia A. The data on the gene and the FVIII protein are reported. The particular case of the inversion of the intron 22 and more lately the inversion of the intron 1 are at the origin of nearly the half of the severel cases of hemophilia A. The other anomalies are represented respectively by the singles substitutions, deletions and insertions. The present diagnosis strategy of the severe form of the illness simplified itself considerably since the description of the common inversion

Mecanismes moleculaires de la leucemie myeloide chronique

Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a hronic disorder of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell chracterised by reciprocal chromosomal translocation, Ph chromosome. Molecular haematology development is one stage of the progress in diagnostic and therapeutic care of malignant hemopatology. In this review, wwe report the molecular mechanisms of chronic myelogenous leukaemia that include chimerics gens and protein. The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity gives excessive proliferation. Inhibition of the expression of the tyrosine kinase by Imatinib [STI571, GLIVEC] is therapeutic manoeuver